Category Archives: African-American Genealogy & Slave Ancestry Research

S – Seated Left to Right…

April 22, 2025A-Z Challenge 2025, African-American Genealogy & Slave Ancestry Research, Detroit, GrahamsKristin

For this year’s A to Z Challenge, I will be posting an event for that date involving someone in my family tree. Of course it will also involve the letter of the day. It may be a birth, a death, a christening, a journal entry, a letter or a newspaper article. If the entry is a news item, it will be transcribed immediately below. Click on photographs to enlarge in another window.

*The Detroit Tribune* Detroit, Michigan • Sat, Apr 22, 1939 Page 1

At Third Annual Youth Conference

A group of delegates who attended the third annual Conference at Plymouth Congregational church last week. Seated left to right are: Roger Canfield, Mary Virginia Graham (note: my mother’s sister), Alice Stanton, Ida Pettiford, and Mary Goodson. Standing left to right. Frank Elkins, Clarence Woods, and the Rev. Horace White, pastor of Plymouth.

***The Michigan Chronicle***
Detroit, Michigan • Sat, Mar 18, 1939 Page 6

Local Youth Plan Spring Conference

Rev. Horace White On Planning Board

Plans are well under way for a Youth conference which is scheduled to be held early in April. The planning committee, consisting of: Theodore Crosby, Clarence Bradfield, Herbert Simms, Todd Cleage (note; my father. His nickname was Toddy), Oscar Hand, Porter Dillard, Pearl Walker, Gloster Current, Clarence Bradley, Flossie Williams, Edward Swan, Ida M. Pettiford, Louise Blackman, Florine Cage, Lawrence Green, chairman and others, met last Monday evening to discuss further already tentative plans. The theme of the meeting will be “The World We Live In.” Todd Cleage was appointed to submit plans for the conduct of sessions dealing with change in government.

Edward Swan was appointed chairman of projects. Louise Blackman is chairman of sessions dealing with personal and social philosophies; Porter Dillard, chairman of the student sessions, and Pearl Walker, chairman of publicity.

Sharecropper Here

Rev. Horace White announced at the last meeting that there was a possibility of securing as main speaker for meet the outstanding hero of the recent sharecropper dilemma occurring recently in southeastern Missouri, the Reverend Owen Whitfield.

It is expected that Langston Hughes will also appear as a main attraction. The next committee meeting will be held Monday evening at Plymouth Congregational Church at 9 p.m. All youth groups interested in participating are requested to contact Lawrence Green at Plymouth church..

**The Michigan Chronicle**
Detroit, Michigan • Sat, Apr 15, 1939Page 3

SPEAKER URGES FAITH IN LIFE AND IN RACE

‘Best Poetry, Not Books, But In Lives Of Men And Women’

“For want of a poet, the people perished,” is an old allegation. but last Sunday evening the people, many of them. lived and were inspired to dare new deeds and new dreams when Langston Hughes, dusky poet, traveler, playwright, lecturer and novelist, in convincingly courageous vein painted graphically, word pictures of the elements which contribute to the making of a virile, progressive race.

Poems of the People

Most of the numbers read by Mr. Hughes were as is characteristic of most of his poetry, poems of the people, their struggles and hardships. His appreciation for the realism therein expressed was emphasized, when In comment he said. “The best poetry is not written in books, but comes from the lives of men and women in the streets.” Representative of this belief were the poems “Elevator Boy” and “Porter.”

Mass Awareness Urged

Urging a comprehensive appreciation of the political structure within which we live, Hughes urged an awareness on the part of the masses of political trends indicating that out of Fascism come such enemies of Justice as unemployment, Jim crowism and economic oppression of millions. Specifically referred to were the recent Scottsboro case and the plight of millions of sharecroppers and tenant farmers throughout the south.

In the poems “Flight” and “Lynching Song” the poet revealed the dogged courage and determination of the Negro in the face of adversity and averred that “Poverty and lynching can kill a strong race.”

“Faith in life, self and the earth, helps a race, as it does an individual to live and to grow,” the poet contended. “It. has been said that no man lives alone and Negroes, to save and bring out the best in life for himself, must unite with other groups and classes whose problems are similar and whose solutions to problems lie in the same channel as the the Negro’s,” Hughes continued.

“The black man through correct evaluation of and reaction to his peculiar situation can teach other races what true Americanism is. The possibilities for resurrection from the dismal. abyss of inertia, the chilly tomb of oppression.’ according to the poet,. “are within the race.”

Closes Season

The presentation of Mr. Hughes marked the end of the successful mid-winter lecture season conducted by the lecture committee of Plymouth Congregational church of which Rev. Horace A. White is pastor. Mrs. Whitby is chairman of the committee..

Oh Freedom After While

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Out Yonder on the Road – long article about the sharecroppers demonstration in 1939. Includes photos, causes, methods and end result.

Social Sixteen

April 20, 2025African-American Genealogy & Slave Ancestry Research, Cleages, Detroit, Grahams#Barbara Cleage Martin, #Frank Elkins, Doris Graham, Mary VirginiaKristin

This is an extra post and not a part of the A to Z Challenge. I wanted to share this post for two reasons, there is a photograph of Dee Dee’s Godfather, Jack Franklin sitting in front on the left. And even more so because finally I found a news item describing a gathering at someone’s house and they told us what food was served! I found the recipe below in The Household Searchlight Recipe Book from 1931.

"The Social Sixteen" — The Social Sixteen – 1937. Howard Tandy, Phyllis Lawson, Shirley Turner, John Roxbourough, Doris Graham, Bob Johnson, Christine Smoot, Bud Elkins, Gladys House, Bobby Douglas, Walter House, Lewis Graham, Connie Stowers, Burney Watkins, Jean Johnson, Barbara Cleage, Jack Franklin, Mary V. Graham.

***The Detroit Tribune,*** Detroit, Michigan • Sat, Dec 4, 1937 Page 5

SOCIAL SIXTEEN CLUB The Social Sixteen Club met at the home of Miss Barbara Cleage on Scotten avenue. All members were present and the meeting progressed with the president, Miss Doris Graham presiding. The minutes of the last meeting were read by the secretary, Miss Shirley Turner. Old business was called for and discussed. The new business dealt with the party that the club is planning to give in the near future.
Jack Franklin, who is an amateur photographer and is one of the club’s members, took flood-light pictures of the members present.
Refreshments, which consisted of tuna fish and cheese sandwiches and orange-gingerale drink, was served by the hostess. This repast was enjoyed by all present.

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I found this Sandwiches of History site where he actually makes this sandwich. I had to add it.

Cheese Tuna Sandwich (1937) on Sandwiches of History⁣
byu/SuperHappyFunSlide inSandwichesofHistory

P – Playing Chess

April 18, 2025A-Z Challenge 2025, African-American Genealogy & Slave Ancestry ResearchKristin

Where to move

My youngest son Cabral Williams thinking about his next move during the Ludington Optimist Chess Tournament held Saturday at the Ludington High School Library. Children 16 and under participated in the annual event.

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When we lived in Idlewild, Michigan, both of my sons participated in the annual Chess Tournament. You can read more about that at C – CHESS

O – Oh for a good nights sleep!

April 17, 2025A-Z Challenge 2025, African-American Genealogy & Slave Ancestry ResearchKristin

Below is a letter I wrote home soon after my second daughter was born in Atlanta.

April 17, 1973

Hello Ma and Henry,

How are you 2 doing? The package came today – the blanket is a perfect crib fit and also quite fancy (smile). She probably won’t use it much until this fall since she’s still sleeping in a drawer and I hope it’s warm by the time she gets to the big crib. Do you think that crib there could be mailed or bused down here?

Ife and Jilo are fine. Jilo hasn’t been to school for about a week and her behavior has improved back to her normal self. I think a combination of lack of direction (on the staffs part) and not enough sleep at the school combine to make a dismal day. I am going back to work for half day next month and Jilo will be going to school for half day and Ife will go to work with me since I can move to the empty house where nobody works mornings. I don’t know how long they will go for this – however I am already making plans to start a small school of three over 3’s at $30/week or babysitting them but doing it like a school, so I can stay home. I haven’t quite worked it out yet, but I’m sure with all the working parents and the eminent collapse of Jilo’s school, I can find some ready candidates.

Ife sleeps a lot, except from about 5 to 10, during which she cries, eats, cries, etc. It’s just when I’m trying to cook dinner and that’s a drag, but at least she’s sleeping good at night – not all night, but she’s not crying much at night. For awhile she stayed awake all night instead of the evening.

Jilo and Ife in the yard a few months later.

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For more about life for us during those times -> Cascade Rd. SW, Atlanta

N – New Bonnet for Dee Dee

April 16, 2025A-Z Challenge 2025, African-American Genealogy & Slave Ancestry Research, Detroit, Grahams#Dee Dee ElkinsKristin

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Doris Diane Elkins in bonnet front left, cousin Mary Jane Roberts, right front. Their mothers, Mary Vee Graham Elkins and Elizabeth Elkins Roberts are behind them.

***The Detroit Tribune***, Detroit, Michigan • Sat, April 22, 1944 Page 4

Sunday, four generations were represented at the christening of Doris Diane Elkins, the small daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Frank Elkins, of McDougall. The ceremony took place at the home of the baby’s maternal great grand mother, Mrs. Jennie Turner, of Harding avenue. Her paternal grandparents, Mr. and Mrs. M. C. Graham, aIso her paternal grandparents, Mr. and Mrs. Frank Elkins, Sr.; her aunts. -Misses Daisy and Alice Turner, and Mrs. Elizabeth Roberts, all were present to witness the event. The baby’s godparents. Mr. and Mrs. Jack Franklin, of Oakland, Calif., sent their godchild a beautiful bonnet for the christening.

Doris Diane with parents, Frank and Mary Vee Elkins

Doris Diane Elkins is my first cousin. Our mothers, Mary V. and Doris Graham, were sisters. My sister wondered why our mother wasn’t there. The reason was because she was married and living in San Francisco where my father was co-pastor at Fellowship Church, non-denominational.

M – My Grandmother Enumerates

April 15, 2025A-Z Challenge 2025, African-American Genealogy & Slave Ancestry Research, Alabama#Fannie Turner GrahamKristin

My grandmother Fannie M. Turner was an enumerator for the 1910 US Census in Montgomery, Alabama. She was 22 and lived with her mother and younger sisters in Montgomery, although not in the district she enumerated. Her grandmother Eliza Allen lived in that district. I was looking at the entry for Eliza when I first noticed that my grandmother was the enumerator. I found a newspaper article online about the appointed census takers.

APPOINT CENSUS TAKERS

ENUMERATORS. FOR MONTGOMERY ARE NAMED.

Supervisor At Washington Approves Designations Made By Director Swanson of Second District After Examinations Are Undergone.

The directors of the census at Washington has provided additional designations by Dr. C. Swanson, the supervisor of the Second Alabama District of the following named persons to act as enumerators in the counties mentioned:

Baldwin- Stanley M. Waters, W. D. Durant, Nell G. McKenzie, Cornelius A. Gaston, Jay B. McGrew.
Conecuh- Henry W. Pruett.
Covington- S. P. Barron, Rochford S. Parks, W. O. Searcy, Will C. Grant, J. Herbert Jones, Benjamin F. Parker, Gordon M. Brown, William B. Combs, David A. Beasley, John R. Cravey, Hilary D. Childre, John F. Phillips.
Montgomery- City – Whites: Albert S. Ashley, E. F. Davis, James C. Westbrook, Leopold Loeb, Thomas Robinson, R. Brownlee Centerfit, Charles S. Spann, Louis Lyons, Edgar W. Smith, Mrs. Fannie B. Wilson, Handy H. McLemore. Thomas M. Westcott, Alto Deal, Miss Gene Finch, Frank G. Browder.
Negroes- To enumerate negro (sic) population only – Gertrude V. Wilson, Ell W. Buchannan, Fannie M. Turner, David R. Dorsey.
Montgomery county- outside city – Whites: William F. Allen, Frank McLean, William T. Davis, William Tankersley, James F. Robertson, James A. Stowers, Charles A. Goodwyn, William C. Ozier, O. P. Davis, Miss Oralee Naftel, Ansley L. Stough, Henderson H. Norman, Joseph K. McClurkin, William A. Johnson, John H. Kennedy, J. W. Martin, Thornton E. Gilmer, Thomas B. Barnett, William D. Calloway.
Wilcox county- -Leonard L. Godbold, Fair J. Bryant, John H. Malone, John W. Pharr, W. E. Dilger, D. C. Murphy, James D. McCall, H. C. Pearson, R. L. Vaughn, R. H. G. Gaines, Danuel G. Cook, Joseph R. Harper, Joseph R. Harper, J. F. Fore, Leonard W. Hardy, Arthur Lee, William A. McLean, B. F. Watts, Jr. E. F. Spencer, Emmett L. Gaston, John C. Seltzer, F. R. Albritton, Eugene E. Williams, William J. Sessions.
Wilcox county- William J. Edwards.
For a very few districts in Montgomery and Wilcox counties Anal action has not yet been taken on the selection of enumerators, but will be in time for the enumeration.

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Fannie M. Turner began work April 15, 1910 and enumerated her Aunt Abbie and her Grandmother Eliza on pg 2. She finished on April 26. Mrs. Fannie B. Wilson (white) completed the enumeration of Montgomery, Ward 4 by counting the white residents on several pages after that. As noted in the newspaper article, Negro enumerators could only count Negroes. I wonder how that worked. Did my grandmother go to the door, note that they were white and tell them someone else would return to count them later? Did the neighbors alert her? Since she was already familiar with the neighborhood, did she already know where the white people lived or did all the white residences live in the same area?

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Fannie Turner was my maternal grandmother. She managed her Uncle Victor Tulane’s grocery store in Montgomery, Alabama from the time she graduated from State Normal School until she married my grandfather in 1919. I wish I knew the stories she could have told about that two weeks of counting the citizens in Ward 4.

K – Knickerbockers for Easter

April 12, 2025A-Z Challenge 2025, African-American Genealogy & Slave Ancestry Research, Cleages, Detroit#Albert B. Cleage Jr, #Albert B. Cleage Sr, #Gladys Cleage Evans, #Henry CleageKristin

Henry, Albert Jr. (my father) Albert Sr, Gladys

*Detroit Free Press* April 18, 1924 page 15

Going to church — Cleage family going to church.

Were there Easter baskets back in the 1920s? Yes there were. You could get fillers or buy a ready made basket. I remember my Grandmother Pearl Cleage gave us ready made Easter Baskets in the 1950s .

Hudson’s Department Store – Detroit Free Press Wednesday, April 02, 1924

One hundred years ago, it was Easter Sunday and my father and his family were ready for church. They were members of St. John’s Presbyterian church, in Detroit, Michigan. My grandparents Albert and Pearl Cleage were founding members. Just a few weeks ago, I wrote about my Cleage family 100 years ago. You can read it at THE CLEAGES 100 YEARS AGO – 1925.

J – Jones Tabernacle hosts Music Festival

April 11, 2025A-Z Challenge 2025, African-American Genealogy & Slave Ancestry Research, IndianapolisPearl ReedKristin

MUSIC FESTIVAL FRIDAY.

Miss Pearl Reed One of Singers at Jones Tabernacle.

Among the special attractions of Easter week will be the music festival to be given next Friday evening at Jones Tabernacle, under the auspices of the Witherspoon Memorial United Presbyterian church. A carefully selected program has been arranged in which the best available talent will take part.

In addition to Miss Pearl Reed, popular soloist, Miss Osie Watkins, of Richmond, has been engaged to sing. Other features will be vocal solos by Aldridge M. Lewis and Mrs. Sallie Robinson. There will be Instrumental solos by Alfred Taylor and Philip Tasch, and readings by Miss Harriet Mitchell, of Knoxville, Tenn.; G. W. Cable, Aldridge and Alfred Taylor. The Twentieth Century Club of Jones tabernacle, will serve refreshments at the close of the program.
The Indianapolis News Indianapolis, Indiana • Sat, Apr 10, 1909 Page 12

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Pearl Reed was my paternal grandmother. In 1909 she lived with her mother and older brother George. She and my grandfather were “keeping company’ and married the following year.

You can see a better copy of the photo above at this earlier post: F- Forgive this writing

You can read more about my grandmother’s life at this post: Grandmother Pearl Reed Cleage and also find more links about her life.

F – Forgive this writing

April 7, 2025A-Z Challenge 2025, African-American Genealogy & Slave Ancestry Research, Indianapolis, Pearl Reed's Letters#Pearl Reed CleageKristin

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While looking for some of his ancestors several years ago, my cousin Peter Olivier found a packet of letters online written by my grandmother Pearl Reed (Cleage) from 1903 to 1905. They were for sale by Michal Brown Rare Books who “specialize in Americana, especially manuscript materials. We offer manuscript letters and archives, diaries, journals, personal and business correspondence from the 17th century through the 20th.“

By the time I found out that the letters existed, they had been sold to the University of Georgia in Athens. I thought it was strange because neither my grandmother Pearl Reed nor Homer Jarrett, the young man she was exchanging letters with, were well known. Homer seems to have saved every piece of mail he ever received. Eventually all of those hundreds of pieces (which included my grandmother’s letters) ended up being sold after his death. In their entirety they give a unique picture of the era in which they were written.

I immediately got in touch with Special Collections Library at The University of Georgia in Athens. I was able to purchase scans of all 41 letters and envelopes very reasonably. I was very excited to have a look into my 19 year old grandmother’s life through her letters. It was lucky that the University purchased them. I could never have afforded to buy them.

Below is one of the letters in the package. It was written on April 7, 1904.

Courtesy of Hargrett Rare Book and Manuscript Library/University of Georgia Libraries. Click to enlarge.

Homer Jarrett
#230 Bird St., City

2730 Kenwood Ave
City
April 7, 1904

Dear Homer;
Forgive me for not writing sooner, but don’t you know I did write but tore up the letter a few hours after. Mother is very ill now and has been since Easter eve. I am having a terrible time. I could not go to church Easter Morn and have just received an invitation to a friends at her birthday anniversary but had to send her my regrets. Pity me.
Your ~~little~~ friend

P.S. I am in an awful hurry, forgive this writing.

Your Pearl

P.S. Minnie’s address is #337 Colfax Ave. Benton Harbor Mich.

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Pearl Reed about 1904 — Pearl Doris Reed 1904

Pearl Reed was my paternal grandmother. Homer was a friend of my grandmother. Minnie was my grandmother’s older sister who was married to Homer’s cousin and had moved from Indianapolis with her husband and family to Benton Harbor, Michigan.

At this time my grandmother was about 20 years old. She had graduated from high school and lived at home with her mother and her oldest brother, George. One other brother lived nearby with his family. Another brother lived in Chicago and all three of her living sisters lived in Benton Harbor, Michigan with their families. Her oldest sister died around 1900.

My grandmother would not meet my grandfather for several more years.

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Read more about my grandmother’s letters in these posts:
My Grandmother’s Letters
Finding The Letters
The Letters – The People

D – Darling Baby Girl

April 4, 2025A-Z Challenge 2025, African-American Genealogy & Slave Ancestry ResearchKristin